This article guides you through the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment options of Tarlov's cysts and pilonidal cysts, so you can better understand these conditions and manage them effectively.

Pain in the lower back or near the coccyx: what if it's a Tarlov cyst or a pilonidal cyst?

Tarlov cysts and pilonidal cysts are two distinct conditions that can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life.

Although their locations and origins differ, they raise similar questions regarding symptoms, treatment and post-operative follow-up.

The aim of this article is to shed light on these two pathologies in order to better understand and manage them.

1. What is a Tarlov cyst?

A Tarlov cyst, or perineural cyst, is a cerebrospinal fluid-filled formation that develops at the level of nerve roots, mainly in the sacral region of the spine.

Although often asymptomatic, these cysts can, in some cases, cause back pain, neurological disorders or sphincter problems.

To find out more about Tarlov cysts click here.

2. What is a pilonidal cyst?

A pilonidal cyst is an abnormal cavity containing hair and skin debris, usually located in the intergluteal fold. It is often the result of a chronic infection caused by the accumulation of ingrown hairs.

This condition mainly affects young adults and can lead to pain, purulent discharge and abscesses.

To find out more about pilonidal cysts click here.

3. Symptoms and diagnosis

Tarlov's cyst:

- Lower back or sacral pain,

- Numbness or tingling in the legs,

- Urinary or intestinal problems,

- Muscle weakness.

Diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which shows the size and location of the cyst.

Pilonidal cyst:

- Pain in the lower back, especially when sitting,

- Swelling or redness in the gluteal cleft,

- Discharge of pus or blood,

- Fever in case of acute infection.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on physical examination of the patient.

4. Available treatments

Tarlov's cyst:

Conservative approach: analgesics, anti-inflammatories, physiotherapy.

Surgical interventions: In the event of severe symptoms, procedures such as cyst fenestration or nerve decompression may be considered.

Pilonidal cyst:

Acute treatment: Incision and drainage of the abscess under local anaesthetic.

Elective surgery: Complete removal of the cyst with directed healing or primary closure.

Modern techniques: Laser or endoscopic treatment, offering faster recovery and lower recurrence rates.

5. Recovery time and post-operative care

Tarlov cyst:

Post-surgical recovery can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on the complexity of the procedure and the patient's individual response.

Appropriate rehabilitation is often required to restore neurological function.

Pilonidal cyst:

Healing may take 2-3 months, with regular nursing care to prevent infection. Modern techniques, such as laser treatment, allow resumption of normal activities in 1 to 3 days, with full convalescence in around 3 weeks.

6. Prevention and follow-up

Tarlov cyst:

There are no specific preventive measures. Regular follow-up with imaging examinations is recommended to monitor the evolution of the cyst and adjust treatment accordingly.

Pilonidal cyst:

- Maintain rigorous hygiene of the sacral region,

- Avoid prolonged sedentary lifestyle,

- Regular hair removal from the affected area,

- Post-operative monitoring for recurrence.

Conclusion

Although Tarlov cysts and pilonidal cysts are distinct conditions, appropriate management and regular medical follow-up are essential to improve patients' quality of life.

If you are experiencing symptoms that are suggestive of the condition, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.